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本文介紹了如何從sql中的給定xml中獲取'/'分隔的節點/標簽名稱的處理方法，對大家解決問題具有一定的參考價值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來一起學習吧！

問題描述

限時送ChatGPT賬號..

我想從給定的 xml 中獲取以 '/' 分隔的節點名稱，以便只獲取節點/標簽名稱，而不是從給定的 xml 中獲取節點/標簽值.

i want to fetch '/' separated node name from a given xml such that only node/tag name are getting fetched instead of node/tag value from a given xml.

假設我有以下 xml :

Suppose if i have below xml :

<ns:manageWorkItemRequest>
    <ns:wiFocus>
        <act:orderDate>2020-03-16T10:30:56.000Z</act:orderDate>
        <act:orderItem>
            <agr:instance>
                <spec1:customerServiceIdentifier>ETHA15302121</spec1:customerServiceIdentifier>
                <spec1:instanceCharacteristic>
                    <spec1:action>
                        <spec1:code>Modify</spec1:code>
                    </spec1:action>
                    <spec1:instanceIdentifier>
                        <spec1:value>OS014-AHEFV5T9</spec1:value>
                </spec1:instanceIdentifier>
             </agr:instance>
        </act:orderItem>
        <act:orderVersion>1</act:orderVersion>
    </ns:wiFocus>
    <ns:wiAction>Create</ns:wiAction>
    <ns:wiVersion>1</ns:wiVersion>
</ns:manageWorkItemRequest>

我想要的結果是:

ns:manageWorkItemRequest/ns:wiFocus/act:orderItem/agr:instance/spec1:customerServiceIdentifier/ETHA15302121

ns:manageWorkItemRequest/ns:wiFocus/act:orderItem/agr:instance/spec1:customerServiceIdentifier/ETHA15302121

實際上的要求是，如果我在上面的 xml 中得到這個ETHA15302121"值，那么我應該顯示路徑，即該值在 xml 中的確切位置是 '/' 分隔格式.

actually the requirement is if i get this "ETHA15302121" value in above xml then i should show the path i.e. where exactly in xml that value is in '/' separated format.

推薦答案

您的 XML 格式不正確(中間缺少結束標記并且缺少命名空間聲明.

Your XML was not well-formed (missing closing tag in the middle and missing namespace declarations.

添加缺失的部分后，它看起來是這樣，你可以沿著這條路線嘗試一些東西(警告:這不會很快......):

After adding the missing parts it looks as so and you might try something along this route (warning: this won't be fast...):

您的 XML

DECLARE @xml XML=
N'<root xmlns:ns="dummy1" xmlns:act="dummy2" xmlns:agr="dummy3" xmlns:spec1="dummy4">
  <ns:manageWorkItemRequest>
    <ns:wiFocus>
      <act:orderDate>2020-03-16T10:30:56.000Z</act:orderDate>
      <act:orderItem>
        <agr:instance>
          <spec1:customerServiceIdentifier>ETHA15302121</spec1:customerServiceIdentifier>
          <spec1:instanceCharacteristic>
            <spec1:action>
              <spec1:code>Modify</spec1:code>
            </spec1:action>
            <spec1:instanceIdentifier>
              <spec1:value>OS014-AHEFV5T9</spec1:value>
            </spec1:instanceIdentifier>
          </spec1:instanceCharacteristic>
        </agr:instance>
      </act:orderItem>
      <act:orderVersion>1</act:orderVersion>
    </ns:wiFocus>
    <ns:wiAction>Create</ns:wiAction>
    <ns:wiVersion>1</ns:wiVersion>
  </ns:manageWorkItemRequest>
</root>';

--查詢

WITH AllNamespaces As
(
    SELECT  CONCAT('ns',ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY (B.namespaceUri))) Prefix
           ,B.namespaceUri
    FROM @xml.nodes('//*') A(nd)
    CROSS APPLY(VALUES(A.nd.value('namespace-uri(.)','nvarchar(max)')))B(namespaceUri)
    WHERE LEN(B.namespaceUri)>0
    GROUP BY B.namespaceUri
)
,recCte AS
(
    SELECT 1 AS NestLevel
          ,ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY A.nd) AS ElementPosition
          ,CAST(REPLACE(STR(ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY A.nd),5),' ','0') AS VARCHAR(900)) COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT AS SortString
          ,CONCAT(ns.Prefix+':',A.nd.value('local-name(.)','nvarchar(max)'),'[',ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY CONCAT(ns.Prefix+':',A.nd.value('local-name(.)','nvarchar(max)')) ORDER BY A.nd),']') AS FullName
          ,CAST(CONCAT('/',ns.Prefix+':',A.nd.value('local-name(.)','nvarchar(max)'),'[',ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY CONCAT(ns.Prefix+':',A.nd.value('local-name(.)','nvarchar(max)')) ORDER BY A.nd),']') AS NVARCHAR(MAX)) COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT AS XPath
          ,A.nd.value('text()[1]','nvarchar(max)') AS NodeValue
          ,A.nd.query('./*') NextFragment
    FROM @xml.nodes('/*') A(nd)
    LEFT JOIN AllNamespaces ns ON ns.namespaceUri=A.nd.value('namespace-uri(.)','nvarchar(max)') 

    UNION ALL

    SELECT r.NestLevel+1
          ,ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY A.nd)  
          ,CAST(CONCAT(r.SortString,REPLACE(STR(ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY A.nd),5),' ','0')) AS VARCHAR(900)) COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT
          ,CONCAT(ns.Prefix+':',A.nd.value('local-name(.)','nvarchar(max)'),'[',ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY CONCAT(ns.Prefix+':',A.nd.value('local-name(.)','nvarchar(max)')) ORDER BY A.nd),']') AS FullName
          ,CONCAT(r.XPath,'/',ns.Prefix+':',A.nd.value('local-name(.)','nvarchar(max)'),'[',ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY CONCAT(ns.Prefix+':',A.nd.value('local-name(.)','nvarchar(max)')) ORDER BY A.nd),']') AS FullName
          ,A.nd.value('text()[1]','nvarchar(max)') AS NodeValue
          ,A.nd.query('./*') NextFragment
    FROM recCte r
    CROSS APPLY NextFragment.nodes('*') A(nd)
    OUTER APPLY(SELECT Prefix FROM AllNamespaces ns WHERE ns.namespaceUri=A.nd.value('namespace-uri(.)','nvarchar(max)')) ns
)
SELECT XPath
      ,NodeValue
      ,NestLevel
      ,ElementPosition
      ,SortString
FROM recCte
--WHERE NodeValue IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY SortString;

--結果
/*

--The result
/*

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| XPath                                                                                                                                                      | NodeValue                | NestLevel | ElementPosition | SortString                               |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| /root[1]/ns1:manageWorkItemRequest[1]/ns1:wiFocus[1]/ns2:orderDate[1]                                                                                      | 2020-03-16T10:30:56.000Z | 4         | 1               | 00001000010000100001                     |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| /root[1]/ns1:manageWorkItemRequest[1]/ns1:wiFocus[1]/ns2:orderItem[1]/ns3:instance[1]/ns4:customerServiceIdentifier[1]                                     | ETHA15302121             | 6         | 1               | 000010000100001000020000100001           |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| /root[1]/ns1:manageWorkItemRequest[1]/ns1:wiFocus[1]/ns2:orderItem[1]/ns3:instance[1]/ns4:instanceCharacteristic[1]/ns4:action[1]/ns4:code[1]              | Modify                   | 8         | 1               | 0000100001000010000200001000020000100001 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| /root[1]/ns1:manageWorkItemRequest[1]/ns1:wiFocus[1]/ns2:orderItem[1]/ns3:instance[1]/ns4:instanceCharacteristic[1]/ns4:instanceIdentifier[1]/ns4:value[1] | OS014-AHEFV5T9           | 8         | 1               | 0000100001000010000200001000020000200001 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| /root[1]/ns1:manageWorkItemRequest[1]/ns1:wiFocus[1]/ns2:orderVersion[1]                                                                                   | 1                        | 4         | 3               | 00001000010000100003                     |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| /root[1]/ns1:manageWorkItemRequest[1]/ns1:wiAction[1]                                                                                                      | Create                   | 3         | 2               | 000010000100002                          |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+
| /root[1]/ns1:manageWorkItemRequest[1]/ns1:wiVersion[1]                                                                                                     | 1                        | 3         | 3               | 000010000100003                          |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------+-----------+-----------------+------------------------------------------+

--只是為了表明，創建的 XPath 按預期工作:

--just to show, that the created XPath is working as expected:

WITH XMLNAMESPACES('dummy1' AS ns1,'dummy2' AS ns2,'dummy3' AS ns3,'dummy4' AS ns4,'dummy5' AS ns5)
SELECT @xml.value('/root[1]/ns1:manageWorkItemRequest[1]/ns1:wiFocus[1]/ns2:orderDate[1]','nvarchar(max)')
      ,@xml.value('/root[1]/ns1:manageWorkItemRequest[1]/ns1:wiFocus[1]/ns2:orderItem[1]/ns3:instance[1]/ns4:customerServiceIdentifier[1]','nvarchar(max)')
      ,@xml.value('/root[1]/ns1:manageWorkItemRequest[1]/ns1:wiFocus[1]/ns2:orderItem[1]/ns3:instance[1]/ns4:instanceCharacteristic[1]/ns4:action[1]/ns4:code[1]','nvarchar(max)')
      ,@xml.value('/root[1]/ns1:manageWorkItemRequest[1]/ns1:wiFocus[1]/ns2:orderItem[1]/ns3:instance[1]/ns4:instanceCharacteristic[1]/ns4:instanceIdentifier[1]/ns4:value[1]','nvarchar(max)')
      ,@xml.value('/root[1]/ns1:manageWorkItemRequest[1]/ns1:wiFocus[1]/ns2:orderVersion[1]','nvarchar(max)')
      ,@xml.value('/root[1]/ns1:manageWorkItemRequest[1]/ns1:wiAction[1]','nvarchar(max)')
      ,@xml.value('/root[1]/ns1:manageWorkItemRequest[1]/ns1:wiVersion[1]','nvarchar(max)');

簡單的想法:

命名空間前綴可以由您自己定義.底層 URI 很重要.
第一個 cte 將創建一組所有出現的 URI，并將其與前綴一起返回.
遞歸 CTE 將越來越深入地遍歷 XML.只要帶有 .nodes() 的 APPLY 可以返回嵌套節點，這就會繼續.
全名與完整的 XPath 一樣.
CAST 和 COLLATE 有助于避免數據類型不匹配(遞歸 CTE 對此非常挑剔).
需要串聯的 SortString 以確保輸出中的順序相同.

The namespace prefixes can be defined by your own. The underlying URI is important.
The first cte will create a set of all occuring URIs and return this together with a prefix.
The recursive CTE will traverse deeper and deeper into the XML. This will continue as long as APPLY with .nodes() can return nested nodes.
The full name is concatenated as well as the full XPath.
The CASTs and COLLATEs help to avoid data type mismatch (recursive CTEs are very picky with this).
The concatenated SortString is needed to ensure the same order in your output.

順便提一下:有絕對過時的FROM OPENXML，這是-afaik-從字面上恢復一切的唯一方法:

Just to mention it: There is the absolutely outdated FROM OPENXML, which is - afaik - the only way to get literally everything back:

DECLARE @xml XML=
N'<root xmlns="default" xmlns:ns="dummy">
  <a ns:test="blah">blub</a>
  <ns:b test2="hugo">blubber</ns:b>
</root>';

DECLARE @DocHandle INT;
EXEC sp_xml_preparedocument @DocHandle OUTPUT, @xml;
SELECT * FROm OPENXML(@DocHandle,'/*');
EXEC sp_xml_removedocument @DocHandle;

結果

+----+----------+----------+-----------+--------+--------------+----------+------+---------+
| id | parentid | nodetype | localname | prefix | namespaceuri | datatype | prev | text    |
+----+----------+----------+-----------+--------+--------------+----------+------+---------+
| 0  | NULL     | 1        | root      | NULL   | default      | NULL     | NULL | NULL    |
+----+----------+----------+-----------+--------+--------------+----------+------+---------+
| 2  | 0        | 2        | xmlns     | xmlns  | NULL         | NULL     | NULL | NULL    |
+----+----------+----------+-----------+--------+--------------+----------+------+---------+
| 10 | 2        | 3        | #text     | NULL   | NULL         | NULL     | NULL | default |
+----+----------+----------+-----------+--------+--------------+----------+------+---------+
| 3  | 0        | 2        | ns        | xmlns  | NULL         | NULL     | NULL | NULL    |
+----+----------+----------+-----------+--------+--------------+----------+------+---------+
| 11 | 3        | 3        | #text     | NULL   | NULL         | NULL     | NULL | dummy   |
+----+----------+----------+-----------+--------+--------------+----------+------+---------+
| 4  | 0        | 1        | a         | NULL   | default      | NULL     | NULL | NULL    |
+----+----------+----------+-----------+--------+--------------+----------+------+---------+
| 5  | 4        | 2        | test      | ns     | dummy        | NULL     | NULL | NULL    |
+----+----------+----------+-----------+--------+--------------+----------+------+---------+
| 12 | 5        | 3        | #text     | NULL   | NULL         | NULL     | NULL | blah    |
+----+----------+----------+-----------+--------+--------------+----------+------+---------+
| 6  | 4        | 3        | #text     | NULL   | NULL         | NULL     | NULL | blub    |
+----+----------+----------+-----------+--------+--------------+----------+------+---------+
| 7  | 0        | 1        | b         | ns     | dummy        | NULL     | 4    | NULL    |
+----+----------+----------+-----------+--------+--------------+----------+------+---------+
| 8  | 7        | 2        | test2     | NULL   | NULL         | NULL     | NULL | NULL    |
+----+----------+----------+-----------+--------+--------------+----------+------+---------+
| 13 | 8        | 3        | #text     | NULL   | NULL         | NULL     | NULL | hugo    |
+----+----------+----------+-----------+--------+--------------+----------+------+---------+
| 9  | 7        | 3        | #text     | NULL   | NULL         | NULL     | NULL | blubber |
+----+----------+----------+-----------+--------+--------------+----------+------+---------+

如您所見，此結果包含名稱空間、前綴和內容.但它很笨拙，離今天"還很遠.:-)

As you can see, this result contains namespaces, prefixes and content. But it is very clumsy and far away from "today" :-)

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如何從sql中的給定xml中獲取'/'分隔的節點

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