問題描述
我嘗試在 osx lion 上編譯此 cpp 代碼，但出現(xiàn)錯誤.
I try to compile this cpp code on osx lion but I get an error.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
cout << "hi";
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
編譯:
cc main.cpp
錯誤:
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"std::cout", referenced from:
_main in ccBdbc76.o
"std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)", referenced from:
_main in ccBdbc76.o
"std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::endl<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&)", referenced from:
_main in ccBdbc76.o
"std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& (*)(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&))", referenced from:
_main in ccBdbc76.o
"std::ios_base::Init::Init()", referenced from:
__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)in ccBdbc76.o
"std::ios_base::Init::~Init()", referenced from:
___tcf_0 in ccBdbc76.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
推薦答案
通常在通過調(diào)用 C 前端編譯 C++ 代碼時會發(fā)生這種故障.您執(zhí)行的 gcc 將文件理解為 C++ 并將其編譯為 C++，但不會將其與 C++ 庫鏈接.示例:
Normally this sort of failure happens when compiling your C++ code by invoking the C front-end. The gcc you execute understands and compiles the file as C++, but doesn't link it with the C++ libraries. Example:
$ gcc example.cpp
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"std::cout", referenced from:
_main in ccLTUBHJ.o
"std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)", referenced from:
_main in ccLTUBHJ.o
"std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::endl<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&)", referenced from:
_main in ccLTUBHJ.o
"std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& (*)(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&))", referenced from:
_main in ccLTUBHJ.o
"std::ios_base::Init::Init()", referenced from:
__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)in ccLTUBHJ.o
"std::ios_base::Init::~Init()", referenced from:
___tcf_0 in ccLTUBHJ.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
$ g++ example.cpp
$
如您所見，使用 g++ 可以解決問題.如果您使用 clang(我建議這樣做)，則會發(fā)生相同的行為(消息略有不同):
As you can see, using g++ makes the problems go away. The same behaviour (with slightly different messages) occurs if you use clang (which I'd recommend):
$ clang example.cpp
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"std::ios_base::Init::~Init()", referenced from:
___cxx_global_var_init in cc-IeV9O1.o
"std::ios_base::Init::Init()", referenced from:
___cxx_global_var_init in cc-IeV9O1.o
"std::cout", referenced from:
_main in cc-IeV9O1.o
"std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::endl<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&)", referenced from:
_main in cc-IeV9O1.o
"std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)", referenced from:
_main in cc-IeV9O1.o
"std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))", referenced from:
_main in cc-IeV9O1.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
$ clang++ example.cpp
$
正如您在 clang 錯誤消息中看到的那樣，您可以使用 -v 來查看鏈接器調(diào)用以了解發(fā)生了什么問題.它會向您顯示此鏈接行:
As you can see in the clang error message, you could use -v to see the linker invocation to see what's going wrong. It would show you this link line:
"/usr/bin/ld" -demangle -dynamic -arch x86_64
-macosx_version_min 10.6.8 -o a.out -lcrt1.10.6.o
/var/folders/zl/zlZcj24WHvenScwjPFFFQE+++TI/-Tmp-/cc-hdOL8Z.o
-lSystem /Developer/usr/bin/../lib/clang/3.0/lib/darwin/libclang_rt.osx.a
或者類似的東西 - 正如你所看到的，它鏈接的是 C 運行時，而不是 C++，也沒有 C++ 庫.使用 clang++ 鏈接行是:
Or something like it - as you can see, it's linking the C runtime, not C++, and also doesn't have the C++ libraries. Using clang++ the link line is:
"/usr/bin/ld" -demangle -dynamic -arch x86_64
-macosx_version_min 10.6.8 -o a.out -lcrt1.10.6.o
/var/folders/zl/zlZcj24WHvenScwjPFFFQE+++TI/-Tmp-/cc-wJwxjP.o
/usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib -lSystem
/Developer/usr/bin/../lib/clang/3.0/lib/darwin/libclang_rt.osx.a
如您所見，包含了 libstdc++，并且很快 - 沒有鏈接錯誤.
As you can see, libstdc++ is included, and presto - no link errors.
這篇關(guān)于編譯一些簡單的 C++ 代碼時出錯的文章就介紹到這了，希望我們推薦的答案對大家有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持html5模板網(wǎng)！