問題描述

我有一個多線程 C++ 應用程序，可以在 Windows、Mac 和一些 Linux 版本上運行.

I have a multi threaded c++ application that runs on Windows, Mac and a few Linux flavors.

長話短說:為了讓它以最高效率運行，我必須能夠為每個物理處理器/內核實例化一個線程.創建比物理處理器/內核更多的線程會大大降低我的程序的性能.我已經可以在所有這三個平臺上正確檢測到邏輯處理器/內核的數量.為了能夠正確檢測物理處理器/內核的數量，我必須檢測是否支持和激活超線程.

To make a long story short: In order for it to run at maximum efficiency, I have to be able to instantiate a single thread per physical processor/core. Creating more threads than there are physical processors/cores degrades the performance of my program considerably. I can already correctly detect the number of logical processors/cores correctly on all three of these platforms. To be able to detect the number of physical processors/cores correctly I'll have to detect if hyper-treading is supported AND active.

因此，我的問題是是否有辦法檢測是否支持并啟用了超線程?如果是這樣，具體如何.

My question therefore is if there is a way to detect whether Hyper Threading is supported and enabled? If so, how exactly.

推薦答案

由于英特爾的持續困惑，這不再是 100% 正確的.

我理解這個問題的方式是，您問的是如何檢測 CPU 內核數與 CPU 線程數，這與檢測系統中的邏輯和物理內核數不同.CPU 內核通常不被操作系統視為物理內核，除非它們有自己的封裝或芯片.因此，操作系統將報告 Core 2 Duo，例如，具有 1 個物理 CPU 和 2 個邏輯 CPU，而具有超線程的 Intel P4 將以完全相同的方式報告，即使 2 個超線程與 2 個 CPU 內核非常相似不同的事情表現明智.

The way I understand the question is that you are asking how to detect the number of CPU cores vs. CPU threads which is different from detecting the number of logical and physical cores in a system. CPU cores are often not considered physical cores by the OS unless they have their own package or die. So an OS will report that a Core 2 Duo, for example, has 1 physical and 2 logical CPUs and an Intel P4 with hyper-threads will be reported exactly the same way even though 2 hyper-threads vs. 2 CPU cores is a very different thing performance wise.

我一直在努力解決這個問題，直到我拼湊出下面的解決方案，我相信它適用于 AMD 和 Intel 處理器.據我所知，我可能是錯的，AMD 還沒有 CPU 線程，但他們提供了一種檢測它們的方法，我認為這些方法將適用于未來可能具有 CPU 線程的 AMD 處理器.

I struggled with this until I pieced together the solution below, which I believe works for both AMD and Intel processors. As far as I know, and I could be wrong, AMD does not yet have CPU threads but they have provided a way to detect them that I assume will work on future AMD processors which may have CPU threads.

簡而言之，這里是使用 CPUID 指令的步驟:

In short here are the steps using the CPUID instruction:

1. 使用 CPUID 函數 0 檢測 CPU 供應商
2. 從 CPUID 函數 1 檢查 CPU 特性 EDX 中的 HTT 位 28
3. 從 CPUID 函數 1 的 EBX[23:16] 中獲取邏輯核心數
4. 獲取實際的非線程 CPU 核心數

1. Detect CPU vendor using CPUID function 0
2. Check for HTT bit 28 in CPU features EDX from CPUID function 1
3. Get the logical core count from EBX[23:16] from CPUID function 1
4. Get actual non-threaded CPU core count

1. 如果 vendor == 'GenuineIntel' 這是 1 加上來自 CPUID 函數 4 的 EAX[31:26]
2. 如果 vendor == 'AuthenticAMD' 這是 1 加上來自 CPUID 函數 0x80000008 的 ECX[7:0]

聽起來很困難，但這里有一個希望能夠做到這一點的獨立于平臺的 C++ 程序:

Sounds difficult but here is a, hopefully, platform independent C++ program that does the trick:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;


void cpuID(unsigned i, unsigned regs[4]) {
#ifdef _WIN32
  __cpuid((int *)regs, (int)i);

#else
  asm volatile
    ("cpuid" : "=a" (regs[0]), "=b" (regs[1]), "=c" (regs[2]), "=d" (regs[3])
     : "a" (i), "c" (0));
  // ECX is set to zero for CPUID function 4
#endif
}


int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  unsigned regs[4];

  // Get vendor
  char vendor[12];
  cpuID(0, regs);
  ((unsigned *)vendor)[0] = regs[1]; // EBX
  ((unsigned *)vendor)[1] = regs[3]; // EDX
  ((unsigned *)vendor)[2] = regs[2]; // ECX
  string cpuVendor = string(vendor, 12);

  // Get CPU features
  cpuID(1, regs);
  unsigned cpuFeatures = regs[3]; // EDX

  // Logical core count per CPU
  cpuID(1, regs);
  unsigned logical = (regs[1] >> 16) & 0xff; // EBX[23:16]
  cout << " logical cpus: " << logical << endl;
  unsigned cores = logical;

  if (cpuVendor == "GenuineIntel") {
    // Get DCP cache info
    cpuID(4, regs);
    cores = ((regs[0] >> 26) & 0x3f) + 1; // EAX[31:26] + 1

  } else if (cpuVendor == "AuthenticAMD") {
    // Get NC: Number of CPU cores - 1
    cpuID(0x80000008, regs);
    cores = ((unsigned)(regs[2] & 0xff)) + 1; // ECX[7:0] + 1
  }

  cout << "    cpu cores: " << cores << endl;

  // Detect hyper-threads  
  bool hyperThreads = cpuFeatures & (1 << 28) && cores < logical;

  cout << "hyper-threads: " << (hyperThreads ? "true" : "false") << endl;

  return 0;
}

我還沒有在 Windows 或 OSX 上實際測試過這個，但它應該可以工作，因為 CPUID 指令在 i686 機器上有效.顯然，這不適用于 PowerPC，但它們也沒有超線程.

I haven't actually tested this on Windows or OSX yet but it should work as the CPUID instruction is valid on i686 machines. Obviously, this wont work for PowerPC but then they don't have hyper-threads either.

以下是幾臺不同的 Intel 機器上的輸出:

Here is the output on a few different Intel machines:

Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7500 @ 2.20GHz:

Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7500 @ 2.20GHz:

 logical cpus: 2
    cpu cores: 2
hyper-threads: false

Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q8400 @ 2.66GHz:

Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q8400 @ 2.66GHz:

 logical cpus: 4
    cpu cores: 4
hyper-threads: false

Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5520 @ 2.27GHz(帶 x2 物理 CPU 包):

Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5520 @ 2.27GHz (w/ x2 physical CPU packages):

 logical cpus: 16
    cpu cores: 8
hyper-threads: true

英特爾(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 3.00GHz:

Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 3.00GHz:

 logical cpus: 2
    cpu cores: 1
hyper-threads: true

這篇關于如何在 Windows、Mac 和 Linux 上檢測物理處理器/內核的數量的文章就介紹到這了，希望我們推薦的答案對大家有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持html5模板網！